TATALAKSANA INFEKSI TB LATEN
Abstract
Global TB Report melaporkan 7,1 juta kasus TB baru secara global pada tahun 2019. WHO melaporkan pada tahun 2016, seperempat penduduk dunia (1,7 milyar orang) telah terinfeksi M.TB melalui uji tuberculin dan pemeriksaan IGRA. Sebagian besar tidak bergejala, namun tetap memiliki risiko mengalami reaktivasi dan menjadi infeksius. Sekitar 90-95% orang terinfeksi M.TB akan menjadi infeksi TB laten (ITBL), sisanya 5-10% akan berkembang menjadi TB aktif. Sekitar 7-10 %. ITBL akan terjadi reaktifasi menjadi TB aktif. Penatalaksanaan ITBL merupakan suatu upaya untuk mencapai Zero TB pada tahun 2050. Secara global Asia memiliki proporsi ITBL yang tinggi, prevalensi tertinggi di Asia Tenggara sebesar 31% dan kawasan Pasifik Barat sebesar 28%, dibandingkan dengandikawasan dunia lainnya. ACHA (The American College Health Association) menyebutkan ITBL dapat didiagnosis dan diterapi jika hasil tes tuberkulin positif dan Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRA) yang dikonfirmasi dengan hasil rontgen thoraks yang normal. Center of Disease Control (CDC) tahun 2020 merekomendasikan tiga regimen pengobatan pilihan (INH dan RPT sekali seminggu selama 3 bulan, Rifampisin 3-4 bulan dan INH dan Rifampisin selam 3-4 bulan) dan 2 alternatif pengobatan (INH selama 6 bulan dan INH selama 9 bulan). Sebelum pemberian terapi ITBL harus dipastikan terlebih dahulu pasien tidak menderita TB aktif.
Kata kunci : TB laten, uji tuberculin, IGRA, tatalaksana ITBL
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32883/hcj.v7i1.1490
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