EOSINOFILIK OTITIS MEDIA
Abstract
Abstrak
Pendahuluan: Eosinofilik otitis media (EOM) merupakan otitis media yang sulit disembuhkan dengan karakteristik adanya cairan efusi berwarna kuning pada telinga tengah dengan viskositas tinggi yang mengandung akumulasi eosinofil yang luas. Onset EOM terjadi pada dekade kelima dengan perbandingan prevalensi eosinofilik otitis media pada wanita dan pria, yaitu sebesar 2 : 1. Pasien dengan EOM akan menunjukkan penurunan pendengaran yang bertahap atau cepat. Tujuan:Mengetahui dan memahami EOM.Tinjauan Pustaka:EOM dikaitkan dengan pasien yang menderita asma bronkial, polip nasal dan pasien dengan intoleransi aspirindengan ditemukannya peningkatan jumlah IgE pada mukosa telinga tengah. Pada EOM, eosinofil yang teraktivasi akan melepaskan protein sitotoksik yang disebut dengan eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP). Eosinofil dapat bermigrasi dan merusak telinga bagian dalam melalui round window. Kesimpulan: Ditemukannya eosinofil pada mukosa dan cairan efusi telinga tengah akan menyebabkan degranulasi dan dilepaskannya ECP. Produksi berlebihan dari IgE pada mukosa telinga tengah berhubungan dengan kondisi patologis dari EOM sebagai respon tipe lambat yang dimediasi IgE. Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan telinga bagian dalam dan berujung pada gangguan pendengaran berupa tuli sensorineural.Kata Kunci:Eosinofilik otitis media, eosinofil, IgE, ECP, tuli sensorineural
Abstract
Introduction:Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is an intractable otitis media characterized by the presence of a highly viscous yellow effusion with extensive accumulation of eosinophils in the middle ear. The age at the onset of EOM is approximately in the fifties and the female and male ratio is about 2 : 1. Eosinophilic otitis media patients show gradual or sudden deterioration of hearing.Objective: Determining and understanding the EOM. Literature Review:EOM associated with adults with bronchial asthma, nasal polyps and aspirin-intolerance by finding the elevation of IgE accumulation in the middle ear mucosa. In EOM patient, eosinophil releases cytotoxic protein called eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP).Eosinophil will migrate and eventually cause inner ear damage through round window. Conclusion:Most of eosinophils in the middle ear mucosa and middle ear effusion were activated, resulting in degranulation and release of ECP. Local IgE over production indicating that the intractable inflammation is closely associated with IgE-mediated late phase response. This condition will damage inner ears and can causesensorineural hearing loss.
Keywords:Eosinophilic otitis media, eosinophil, IgE, ECP, sensorineural hearing loss
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32883/hcj.v5i2.715
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